Iron-sulfur clusters are required by many genes and pathways in the human body, especially those involved in energy production. The peroxynitrite free radical disables iron-sulfur clusters, and has long been associated with ME / CFS. Learn how to look at which labs can be performed to see if peroxynitrite and iron-sulfur clusters may be an issue.

Heme is one of the most common cofactors in the body needed for : All Phase I CYP450 enzymes, Nitic Oxide, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Super Oxide Dismutase, Electron Transport In Complexes II, III, IV, Cytochrome C, SUOX (Sulfur), Tryptophan metabolism, and NAD/NADPH synthesis. Some of the more extreme symptoms include sensitivity to sunlight, gall bladder attacks and strange abdominal pain, skin lesions and acute neurovisceral attacks, and alcohol sensitivity. Deficiencies in the required cofactors such as : B2, B6, B7, B12, Lipoic Acid, Glycine, Succinyl Co A, Zinc, Copper, or Iron can disrupt heme biosynthesis. Critically impacted in hypoxic conditions, as well as by oxidative stress and toxic gut metabolites like acetyl aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide.